This research paper by Arthur Rankin, submitted to Dr. Robert Cara for NT506 – Greek Exegesis at Reformed Theological Seminary – Charlotte, examines Paul’s final benediction in 2 Corinthians 13:13 as one of the most profound Trinitarian expressions in the New Testament. Rankin argues that Paul deliberately structures the verse to display the work of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit in harmony through the genitive constructions of “grace,” “love,” and “fellowship.” The study centers on whether the third genitive phrase—“the fellowship of the Holy Spirit”—should be interpreted subjectively or objectively.
Through detailed linguistic and grammatical analysis, Rankin explores how each phrase conveys divine action toward believers: the grace from Christ, the love from the Father, and the fellowship with the Spirit. Drawing on Greek syntax, parallel Pauline usages, and key commentaries, he concludes that the third genitive is best understood objectively, describing believers’ communion with the Spirit rather than the Spirit’s production of fellowship. He also considers the possibility of a “plenary genitive,” in which both subjective and objective nuances are intentionally present, reflecting Paul’s rich theological precision.
Rankin concludes that Paul’s benediction unites Trinitarian theology and pastoral encouragement, portraying each divine person as actively involved in the believer’s redemption and sanctification. The grace of Christ initiates salvation, the love of the Father motivates it, and the communion of the Spirit sustains it. The passage thus serves as a fitting conclusion to Paul’s correspondence with Corinth—calling the church to unity through the shared life of the triune God.
Course and semester: NT506 Greek Exegesis — Spring 2019