This research paper by Joseph Hyatt, submitted to Dr. Michael J. Kruger for NT5200 – Gospels at Reformed Theological Seminary – Charlotte, investigates the disputed verses Luke 22:43–44, which describe Jesus being strengthened by an angel and sweating drops of blood in Gethsemane. Hyatt argues that these verses are original to Luke’s Gospel and essential for understanding his theological emphasis on Jesus’ true humanity and dependence upon the Father.
Through comprehensive text-critical analysis, Hyatt evaluates both external and internal evidence. Externally, he notes that while some early Alexandrian manuscripts omit the verses, the majority tradition—including Western and Byzantine witnesses, as well as citations from early church fathers—supports their authenticity. Internally, the vocabulary and style align closely with Lukan language, particularly Luke’s themes of prayer, divine assistance, and the physical reality of Christ’s suffering. The paper concludes that scribes may have omitted the passage due to discomfort with the portrayal of Jesus’ agony, not because it was a later interpolation.
Hyatt concludes that Luke 22:43–44 should be retained as part of the inspired text, as it powerfully illustrates the incarnate Son’s obedience and anguish in the face of divine wrath. The verses, far from diminishing Christ’s divinity, display the depth of His redemptive suffering and the perfection of His submission to the Father’s will.
Course and semester: NT5200 Gospels — Fall 2019