This research paper by William Keyton, submitted to Dr. Richard Belcher for OT5300 – Poets at Reformed Theological Seminary – Charlotte, explores the meaning of Ecclesiastes 11:1, “Cast your bread upon the waters, for you will find it after many days.” Keyton argues that Qoheleth’s exhortation is not an appeal to generosity or commerce but a pragmatic call to self-preserving generosity—giving as a means to safeguard oneself against future uncertainty.
Through detailed analysis of the Hebrew text and its context within Ecclesiastes 11:1–6, Keyton rejects common interpretations such as maritime trade or benevolent giving. He demonstrates that the proverb’s logic aligns with Qoheleth’s “under the sun” perspective, where life is unpredictable, and self-interest drives prudence. Keyton draws connections between “bread” (leḥem) and “portion” (ḥēleq), showing both as symbols of one’s enjoyment in life that, when shared, can yield future security. He also situates the proverb alongside ancient Near Eastern parallels like the Instruction of Onchsheshonqy, reinforcing the theme of pragmatic reciprocity rather than spiritual charity.
Keyton concludes that Qoheleth’s advice, while self-serving in its original context, reflects practical wisdom applicable to uncertain times. When viewed “above the sun,” this principle takes on theological depth: generosity rooted in divine trust rather than self-preservation. The proverb thus reveals the tension between Qoheleth’s earthly realism and the fuller biblical vision of faith-driven giving.
Course and semester: OT5300 Poets — Spring 2020