This research paper, written by Jeffrey Neikirk at Reformed Theological Seminary – Charlotte for Dr. Michael J. Kruger, explores the meaning of Revelation 21:1 and whether John’s vision presents a replacement or renewal of creation. Neikirk argues that John envisions transformation rather than annihilation—the old creation purified and renewed rather than destroyed and recreated from nothing.
Drawing from linguistic, theological, and contextual analysis, the paper shows that John’s use of “new” (kainos) emphasizes qualitative renewal, not complete substitution. Neikirk connects this interpretation to Paul’s language of new creation and to the consistent biblical theme of redemption extending to the physical world. The result is a hopeful picture of cosmic restoration: creation itself made new to reflect the glory of its Creator.
Course and semester: NT5250 Hebrews to Revelation — Spring 2025