This research paper by Hann Lee, submitted to Dr. Robert J. Cara for NT520 – Pauline Epistles at Reformed Theological Seminary – Charlotte, explores Paul’s repeated instruction to “greet one another with a holy kiss” (Rom. 16:16; 1 Cor. 16:20; 1 Thess. 5:26; 2 Cor. 13:12). Lee argues that this imperative reflects a theological principle of Christian fellowship, not merely a cultural form of greeting.
Through exegetical analysis of the Greek text, Lee demonstrates that the verb ἀσπάζομαι (“to greet”) and the phrase ἐν φιλήματι ἁγίῳ (“with a holy kiss”) together communicate both vertical reconciliation with God and horizontal unity among believers. The kiss, he explains, was a tangible expression of peace and equality—especially radical in congregations uniting slaves and free persons, Jews and Gentiles. By examining linguistic, historical, and theological dimensions, Lee concludes that Paul’s emphasis lies in the sanctified relational bond shared by those redeemed in Christ.
In the theological application, Lee develops a framework for discerning which New Testament imperatives remain binding today. He categorizes the “holy kiss” as a command whose form is culturally bound but whose principle—Christian affection, reconciliation, and unity—is enduring. Modern believers, therefore, should apply the intent of the command through culturally appropriate expressions such as handshakes or embraces.
Lee concludes that while the form of the “holy kiss” may differ, the essence remains timeless: believers must continually express genuine love and fellowship as visible signs of the gospel’s reconciling power.
Course and semester: NT520 Pauline Epistles — Spring 2017