This research paper by Brittain Brewer, submitted to Dr. Belcher for OT516 – Isaiah–Malachi at Reformed Theological Seminary – Charlotte, explores the covenantal and historical dimensions of Nahum 1:2, arguing that the prophet presents Yahweh as the divine avenger acting within a covenant framework. Brewer situates Nahum during the reign of Manasseh (ca. 654 B.C.), when Judah was a vassal under Assyrian rule, and contends that the prophet consciously echoes Neo-Assyrian treaty curses to depict the Lord’s vengeance against Nineveh.
Drawing on scholarship by Johnston and Cathcart, Brewer identifies twelve direct allusions to Assyrian curse formulas throughout Nahum, including motifs of darkness, locusts, drought, and incurable wounds. These elements, he argues, demonstrate how Yahweh turns Assyria’s own covenantal language against it—reversing imperial propaganda to affirm His sovereignty as the true suzerain over all nations. The vengeance of God, therefore, is not arbitrary but covenantal, rooted in justice and faithfulness to His people.
Brewer concludes that Nahum’s portrayal of divine wrath serves as a theological corrective to human power. Yahweh’s vengeance is not driven by rage but by covenant loyalty, bringing comfort to the oppressed and terror to the unrepentant. Through this lens, Nahum 1:2 stands as both judgment and gospel—God’s assurance that evil will not prevail against His covenant purposes.
Course and semester: OT516 Isaiah–Malachi — Fall 2016
